Humerus Projections
Patient Preparation
- Explain the procedure to the patient.
- Remove any jewelry or metallic objects from the arm.
- Position the patient comfortably at the table or standing.
- Use lead shielding as appropriate.
BASIC PROJECTIONS
1. Anteroposterior (AP) Projection — Humerus
Positioning:
- Patient standing or supine.
- Arm extended, supinated if possible.
- Shoulder and elbow in the same plane.
- Epicondyles parallel to IR.
Central Ray (CR):
- Perpendicular to IR.
- Directed to mid-humerus.
SID:
- 100–110 cm (40–44 inches).
Collimation:
- Include shoulder joint superiorly and elbow joint inferiorly.
2. Lateral Projection — Humerus
Positioning:
- Patient standing or supine.
- Flex elbow 90° if possible.
- Rotate arm so epicondyles perpendicular to IR.
- Humerus in true lateral alignment.
Central Ray (CR):
- Perpendicular to IR.
- Directed to mid-humerus.
SID:
- 100–110 cm (40–44 inches).
Collimation:
- Include shoulder joint superiorly and elbow joint inferiorly.
OTHER PROJECTIONS
3a. Lateral — Humerus (Trauma)
Positioning:
- Patient supine or seated.
- Arm supported horizontally on a radiolucent surface.
- Elbow flexed 90°, hand in lateral position if possible.
Central Ray (CR):
- Perpendicular to IR.
- Directed to mid-humerus.
SID:
- 100–110 cm (40–44 inches).
Collimation:
- Include shoulder and elbow joints.
3b. Transthoracic Lateral — Humerus (Trauma)
Positioning:
- Patient upright or supine.
- Affected arm in neutral position at side.
- Opposite arm elevated or behind head.
- Breathing technique to blur lung markings.
Central Ray (CR):
- Perpendicular to IR.
- Directed to mid-humerus.
- Centered at level of surgical neck.
SID:
- 100–110 cm (40–44 inches).
Collimation:
- Include entire humerus, shoulder, and elbow joints.
Common Pathologies Demonstrated
- Fractures of proximal, mid, or distal humerus.
- Dislocations of shoulder or elbow.
- Osteoarthritis or degenerative changes.
- Bone lesions or tumors.
- Soft tissue swelling or foreign bodies.